‌ The sensor works by ‌ by converting the measured non-electrical quantity into an electrical signal or other desired form of information output. The basic function of the sensor is to transform the perceived information into an electrical signal according to a certain law to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control. ‌ 

‌ How different types of sensors work ‌ includes:

‌ temperature sensor ‌ : Based on the working principle of the thermal sensor, the temperature information is obtained by measuring the temperature change of the object or the environment. Common thermistor include thermistor and thermistor, when the temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor also changes accordingly, by measuring the change in the resistance value can be calculated temperature.
‌ humidity sensor ‌ : usually adopts the capacitive principle of work, composed of two electrodes, the medium is hygroscopic material. When the moisture content in the air changes, the humidity of the hygroscopic material will also change accordingly, and then change the capacitance value, and the humidity value can be calculated by measuring the change in the capacitance value.
‌ pressure sensor ‌ : Generally use pressure sensitive elements, such as film sensors or strain gauges. When forces are applied to these elements, their shape or size changes slightly, and pressure information can be obtained by measuring these changes. For example, when a thin film resistance strain gauge is subjected to stress, its resistance value will change, and the pressure can be calculated by measuring the change in resistance value.
‌ Light sensor ‌ : work based on the photoelectric effect of a photodiode or photodiode. When the light shines on the photosensor, the resistance or current of the photosensor will change accordingly, and the light intensity information can be obtained by measuring this change.
‌ acceleration sensor ‌ : Micro mechanical system (MEMS) technology is often used, using tiny mechanical structures based on the principle of mass acceleration. When acceleration or vibration occurs, the tiny mass in the sensor will be displaced, and by measuring this displacement or feedback signal, the acceleration or related motion information can be calculated.
‌ Magnetic sensor ‌ : work on the Hall effect or magnetoresistance effect. The Hall sensor obtains the magnetic field strength information by measuring the Hall voltage change caused by the magnetic field to the Hall element, while the reluctance sensor obtains the magnetic field strength information by measuring the resistance change caused by the magnetic field to the magnetoresistor.
The working principles of these sensors demonstrate the diversity and complexity of sensors in various applications, each with its own unique working mechanism to meet specific measurement needs.